The meeting was supposed to be a mid-term review of a deal in which China committed to buy more agriculture products from the United States.
No new date has been set.
Trump, who is under heavy pressure over his mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic, said he pulled out because China is to blame for allowing the virus to spread.
China committed to purchase $12.5 billion of additional ag goods on top of the 2017 baseline amount of $23.8 billion in the first year of the agreement.
At the half-way mark, it has purchased about $8.7 billion of U.S. farm products, or about 24 percent of its commitment for 2020.
